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alpha tubulin monoclonal antibody  (Proteintech)


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    Proteintech alpha tubulin monoclonal antibody
    Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal Antibody, supplied by Proteintech, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 3423 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/alpha+tubulin+monoclonal+antibody/alpha+Tubulin+Antibody/10__1172_slash_jci207160-265-9-15
    Average 96 stars, based on 3423 article reviews
    alpha tubulin monoclonal antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    96/100 stars

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    other:

    Article Title: Platelets promote acute liver injury via extracellular vesicles-mediated Aldolase A
    Article Snippet: Membranes were washed three times with TBS-T and detected using either ECL Select Western Blotting Detection Reagent (Cytiva, Cat #RPN2235) or SuperSignal West Pico PLUS Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo Scientific, Cat #34580).

    Article Title: Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves spermatogenesis in aluminium-exposed mice by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis
    Article Snippet: Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal antibody , 66031-1-Ig , Proteintech Co.,Ltd..

    Article Title: EpiPred: A gene-specific machine learning model for classifying missense variants in the epilepsy-related gene STXBP1
    Article Snippet: After blocking, blots were probed with Munc18-1 (D406V) Rabbit mAb #13414 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology).

    Incubation:

    Article Title: A tumor immune microenvironment gene expression signature for predicting prognosis, immunotherapy efficacy, and drug candidates in triple-negative breast cancer
    Article Snippet: Equal amounts of protein were then loaded onto SDS-PAGE gels prepared with the One-Step PAGE Gel Fast Preparation Kit (Vazyme), electrophoresed, and transferred to an Immobilon ® -PSQ PVDF membrane (Millipore). .. Membranes were blocked and then incubated with the following primary antibodies: Stat3 (124H6) Mouse mAb, Phospho-Stat3 (Tyr705) (D3A7) XP ® Rabbit mAb, Jak2 (D2E12) XP ® Rabbit mAb, Phospho-Jak2 (Tyr1007/1008) Antibody (all from Cell Signaling Technology), and Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal antibody (Proteintech). .. Chemiluminescent signals were detected using the UltraSignal hypersensitive ECL chemiluminescence substrate (4A Biotech).

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Transplanting ANXA1⁻ CD8⁺ Naïve T cells Delay Aging Through Senolysis
    Article Snippet: .. For immunoblotting, cultured cells were lysed in Cell lysis buffer for Western and IP (Beyotime cat. P0013) containing a protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. 78440). anti-CDKN2A/p16 INK4a antibody (abcam, cat. ab189034, 1:1000 dilution), GAPDH Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Proteintech, cat. 60004-1-Ig-100ul, 1:10000 dilution), Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, cat. 66031-1-Ig, 1:1000 dilution), and HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) (Beyotime cat. A0216, 1:2000 dilution) were used as antibodies. .. The signal was detected with ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. 34095) and an Amersham Imager 600 (GE Healthcare).

    Cell Culture:

    Article Title: Transplanting ANXA1⁻ CD8⁺ Naïve T cells Delay Aging Through Senolysis
    Article Snippet: .. For immunoblotting, cultured cells were lysed in Cell lysis buffer for Western and IP (Beyotime cat. P0013) containing a protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. 78440). anti-CDKN2A/p16 INK4a antibody (abcam, cat. ab189034, 1:1000 dilution), GAPDH Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Proteintech, cat. 60004-1-Ig-100ul, 1:10000 dilution), Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, cat. 66031-1-Ig, 1:1000 dilution), and HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) (Beyotime cat. A0216, 1:2000 dilution) were used as antibodies. .. The signal was detected with ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. 34095) and an Amersham Imager 600 (GE Healthcare).

    Lysis:

    Article Title: Transplanting ANXA1⁻ CD8⁺ Naïve T cells Delay Aging Through Senolysis
    Article Snippet: .. For immunoblotting, cultured cells were lysed in Cell lysis buffer for Western and IP (Beyotime cat. P0013) containing a protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. 78440). anti-CDKN2A/p16 INK4a antibody (abcam, cat. ab189034, 1:1000 dilution), GAPDH Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (Proteintech, cat. 60004-1-Ig-100ul, 1:10000 dilution), Alpha Tubulin Monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, cat. 66031-1-Ig, 1:1000 dilution), and HRP-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) (Beyotime cat. A0216, 1:2000 dilution) were used as antibodies. .. The signal was detected with ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific cat. 34095) and an Amersham Imager 600 (GE Healthcare).



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    Reagents and tools table
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    Image Search Results


    Estrogen deprivation enhances glial activation and plaque-associated microglial responses in 5xFAD mice. A Confocal images showing increased IBA1 immunofluorescence in the brains of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 1.70 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. B-C Quantification of the IBA1 + area in the hippocampus ( B ) and cortex ( C ) of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX female mice. OVX increased the IBA1 + area in both regions. N = 8 mice per group. Hippocampus: t (14) = 4.023, P = 0.0013, Cohen’s d = 2.01, two-tailed unpaired t test; Cortex: t (14) = 4.597, P = 0.0004, Cohen’s d = 2.30, two-tailed unpaired t-test. D Confocal images showing increased GFAP immunofluorescence in the brains of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 1.82 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. E-F Quantification of the GFAP + area in the hippocampus ( E ) and cortex ( F ) of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX female mice. OVX increased the GFAP + area in both regions. N = 8 mice per group. Hippocampus: t (14) = 2.497, P = 0.0256, Cohen’s d = 1.25, two-tailed unpaired t-test; Cortex: t (14) = 6.021, P < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 3.01, two-tailed unpaired t-test. G-H Western blotting showing increased IBA1 protein levels in the brain lysates of OVX 5xFAD female mice. N = 4 mice per group, t (6) = 2.801, P = 0.0311, Cohen’s d = 1.93, normalized to α-tubulin, expressed as fold change relative to the SHAM group, two-tailed unpaired t test. I-J Western blots showing increased GFAP protein levels in brain lysates of OVX 5xFAD female mice. N = 4 mice per group. t (6) = 9.152, P < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 6.47, normalized to GAPDH, expressed as fold change relative to the SHAM group, two-tailed unpaired t test. K Confocal images showing an increased number of plaque-associated microglia in OVX 5xFAD female mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. L Quantification of plaque-associated microglia in 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX female mice. For each animal, all amyloid plaques with an area of 190–210 μm² were included in the analysis. Microglia were defined as plaque-associated if their soma was located within a 40 μm radius from the center of each plaque. The number of plaque-associated microglia was averaged across all qualifying plaques to generate a single value for each animal. OVX increased the number of plaque-associated microglia in the hippocampus. N = 8 mice per group, t (9.383) = 2.318, P = 0.0445, Cohen’s d = 1.16, two-tailed unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction. M Confocal images showing increased LAMP1 and X34 staining in the brains of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 2.24 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. N-O Quantification of the LAMP1 + area in the hippocampus and cortex of OVX versus SHAM 5xFAD female mice. N = 8 mice per group. Hippocampus: t (14) = 3.927, P = 0.0018, Cohen’s d = 1.91, two-tailed unpaired t-test; Cortex: t (14) = 3.541, P = 0.0033, Cohen’s d = 2.04, two-tailed unpaired t-test; P Confocal images showing increased CD68 and IBA1 staining in the brain of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 2.46 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. Q Quantification of the CD68 + and IBA1 + areas in the hippocampus of OVX versus SHAM 5xFAD female mice. N = 8 mice per group. t (14) = 5.451, P = 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 2.80, two-tailed unpaired t-test. Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Estrogen deprivation exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease pathology through neuronal CTSS signaling

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-026-03970-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Estrogen deprivation enhances glial activation and plaque-associated microglial responses in 5xFAD mice. A Confocal images showing increased IBA1 immunofluorescence in the brains of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 1.70 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. B-C Quantification of the IBA1 + area in the hippocampus ( B ) and cortex ( C ) of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX female mice. OVX increased the IBA1 + area in both regions. N = 8 mice per group. Hippocampus: t (14) = 4.023, P = 0.0013, Cohen’s d = 2.01, two-tailed unpaired t test; Cortex: t (14) = 4.597, P = 0.0004, Cohen’s d = 2.30, two-tailed unpaired t-test. D Confocal images showing increased GFAP immunofluorescence in the brains of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 1.82 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. E-F Quantification of the GFAP + area in the hippocampus ( E ) and cortex ( F ) of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX female mice. OVX increased the GFAP + area in both regions. N = 8 mice per group. Hippocampus: t (14) = 2.497, P = 0.0256, Cohen’s d = 1.25, two-tailed unpaired t-test; Cortex: t (14) = 6.021, P < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 3.01, two-tailed unpaired t-test. G-H Western blotting showing increased IBA1 protein levels in the brain lysates of OVX 5xFAD female mice. N = 4 mice per group, t (6) = 2.801, P = 0.0311, Cohen’s d = 1.93, normalized to α-tubulin, expressed as fold change relative to the SHAM group, two-tailed unpaired t test. I-J Western blots showing increased GFAP protein levels in brain lysates of OVX 5xFAD female mice. N = 4 mice per group. t (6) = 9.152, P < 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 6.47, normalized to GAPDH, expressed as fold change relative to the SHAM group, two-tailed unpaired t test. K Confocal images showing an increased number of plaque-associated microglia in OVX 5xFAD female mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. L Quantification of plaque-associated microglia in 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX female mice. For each animal, all amyloid plaques with an area of 190–210 μm² were included in the analysis. Microglia were defined as plaque-associated if their soma was located within a 40 μm radius from the center of each plaque. The number of plaque-associated microglia was averaged across all qualifying plaques to generate a single value for each animal. OVX increased the number of plaque-associated microglia in the hippocampus. N = 8 mice per group, t (9.383) = 2.318, P = 0.0445, Cohen’s d = 1.16, two-tailed unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction. M Confocal images showing increased LAMP1 and X34 staining in the brains of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 2.24 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. N-O Quantification of the LAMP1 + area in the hippocampus and cortex of OVX versus SHAM 5xFAD female mice. N = 8 mice per group. Hippocampus: t (14) = 3.927, P = 0.0018, Cohen’s d = 1.91, two-tailed unpaired t-test; Cortex: t (14) = 3.541, P = 0.0033, Cohen’s d = 2.04, two-tailed unpaired t-test; P Confocal images showing increased CD68 and IBA1 staining in the brain of OVX 5xFAD female mice. Representative coronal brain section at Bregma − 2.46 mm. Scale bar, 500 μm. Q Quantification of the CD68 + and IBA1 + areas in the hippocampus of OVX versus SHAM 5xFAD female mice. N = 8 mice per group. t (14) = 5.451, P = 0.0001, Cohen’s d = 2.80, two-tailed unpaired t-test. Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

    Article Snippet: The information of primary antibodies used was as follows: rabbit anti-IBA1 (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals, 019-19741, RRID: AB_839504, 1:500 for immunofluorescence(IF)), goat anti-IBA1 (Novus, NB100-1028, RRID: AB_3148646, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab7260, RRID: AB_305808, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rat anti-CD68 (BIO-RAD, MCA1957, RRID: AB_3100585, 1:500 for IF), rat anti-LAMP1 (DSHB, clone 1D4B, RRID: AB_2134500, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-PU.1 (CST, 2258 S, RRID: AB_2186909, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein, C-Terminal (Sigma-Aldrich, A8717, RRID: AB_258409, 1:1000 for WB), mouse anti-PSD-95 (NeuroMab, 75− 028, RRID: AB_2292909, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-Synaptophysin (Abclonal, A6344, RRID: AB_2766946, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti Bassoon (Abcam, ab82958, RRID: AB_1860018, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-β-Actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2687938, 1:10000 for WB), rabbit anti-β Tubulin (Proteintech, 10094-1-AP, RRID: AB_2210695, 1:5000 for WB), rabbit anti-α Tubulin (Abclonal, A6830, RRID: AB_2863541, 1:10000 for WB) and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2107436, 1:10000 for WB).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, Staining

    OVX decreases synaptic puncta density and synaptic protein levels in female 5xFAD mice. A Representative confocal images of PSD95 and Bassoon immunostaining in the hippocampus of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX mice; co-localized puncta (circles) represent structural synapses. Scale bar, 5 μm. B Quantification of PSD95/Bassoon co-localized puncta, expressed as a percentage of the SHAM group. N = 8 mice per group, P = 0.0003, t (14) = 4.830, Cohen’s d = 2.30, two-tailed unpaired t-test. C Representative western blots of PSD95 and synaptophysin (SYP) protein levels in the brain lysates of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX mice. D-E Quantification of PSD95 ( D ) and SYP ( E ) protein levels, normalized to α-Tubulin and expressed as fold change relative to SHAM. N = 4 mice per group; PSD95: P = 0.0245, t (6) = 2.983, Cohen’s d = 2.10, two-tailed unpaired t-test; SYP: P = 0.0286, Cohen’s d = 3.39, two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Estrogen deprivation exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease pathology through neuronal CTSS signaling

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-026-03970-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: OVX decreases synaptic puncta density and synaptic protein levels in female 5xFAD mice. A Representative confocal images of PSD95 and Bassoon immunostaining in the hippocampus of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX mice; co-localized puncta (circles) represent structural synapses. Scale bar, 5 μm. B Quantification of PSD95/Bassoon co-localized puncta, expressed as a percentage of the SHAM group. N = 8 mice per group, P = 0.0003, t (14) = 4.830, Cohen’s d = 2.30, two-tailed unpaired t-test. C Representative western blots of PSD95 and synaptophysin (SYP) protein levels in the brain lysates of 5xFAD-SHAM and 5xFAD-OVX mice. D-E Quantification of PSD95 ( D ) and SYP ( E ) protein levels, normalized to α-Tubulin and expressed as fold change relative to SHAM. N = 4 mice per group; PSD95: P = 0.0245, t (6) = 2.983, Cohen’s d = 2.10, two-tailed unpaired t-test; SYP: P = 0.0286, Cohen’s d = 3.39, two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

    Article Snippet: The information of primary antibodies used was as follows: rabbit anti-IBA1 (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals, 019-19741, RRID: AB_839504, 1:500 for immunofluorescence(IF)), goat anti-IBA1 (Novus, NB100-1028, RRID: AB_3148646, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab7260, RRID: AB_305808, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rat anti-CD68 (BIO-RAD, MCA1957, RRID: AB_3100585, 1:500 for IF), rat anti-LAMP1 (DSHB, clone 1D4B, RRID: AB_2134500, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-PU.1 (CST, 2258 S, RRID: AB_2186909, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein, C-Terminal (Sigma-Aldrich, A8717, RRID: AB_258409, 1:1000 for WB), mouse anti-PSD-95 (NeuroMab, 75− 028, RRID: AB_2292909, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-Synaptophysin (Abclonal, A6344, RRID: AB_2766946, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti Bassoon (Abcam, ab82958, RRID: AB_1860018, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-β-Actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2687938, 1:10000 for WB), rabbit anti-β Tubulin (Proteintech, 10094-1-AP, RRID: AB_2210695, 1:5000 for WB), rabbit anti-α Tubulin (Abclonal, A6830, RRID: AB_2863541, 1:10000 for WB) and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2107436, 1:10000 for WB).

    Techniques: Immunostaining, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, MANN-WHITNEY

    Genetic reduction of CTSS prevents OVX-induced amyloid accumulation in 5xFAD mice. A UMAP plot showing Ctss expressionin excitatory neurons of SHAM and OVX 5xFAD mice. B-C Western blots showing increased CTSS protein levels in the brain lysates of OVX 5xFAD female mice. N = 4 mice per group, t (6) = 5.024, P = 0.0024, Cohen’s d = 3.49, normalized to α-Tubulin, expressed as foldchange relative to the SHAM group, two-tailed unpaired t-test. D Schematic illustration of the experimental design for 5xFAD; Ctss heterozygous knockout mice. Images were created with BioRender.com E Representative images of X34 staining showing Aβ pathologyin 5xFAD-SHAM, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM, and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice. Scale bar, 500 μm. F–H Quantification of Aβ plaque burden ( F ), average plaque size ( G ), and plaque number ( H ). All three amyloid plaque measures were significantly lower in 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM mice than in 5xFAD-SHAM mice, whereas no significant differences were observed between 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice. N = 4 mice per group, Aβ plaque burden: F (2,9) = 15.94, P = 0.0011, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0023; 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.8555, one-way ANOVA test; Aβ plaque size: F (2,9) = 7.779, P = 0.0109, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0119; 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.9639,one-way ANOVA test; Aβ plaque number: F (2,9) = 6.247, P = 0.0199, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0367, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.8626, one-way ANOVA test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, * P <0.05,** P <0.01

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Estrogen deprivation exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease pathology through neuronal CTSS signaling

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-026-03970-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Genetic reduction of CTSS prevents OVX-induced amyloid accumulation in 5xFAD mice. A UMAP plot showing Ctss expressionin excitatory neurons of SHAM and OVX 5xFAD mice. B-C Western blots showing increased CTSS protein levels in the brain lysates of OVX 5xFAD female mice. N = 4 mice per group, t (6) = 5.024, P = 0.0024, Cohen’s d = 3.49, normalized to α-Tubulin, expressed as foldchange relative to the SHAM group, two-tailed unpaired t-test. D Schematic illustration of the experimental design for 5xFAD; Ctss heterozygous knockout mice. Images were created with BioRender.com E Representative images of X34 staining showing Aβ pathologyin 5xFAD-SHAM, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM, and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice. Scale bar, 500 μm. F–H Quantification of Aβ plaque burden ( F ), average plaque size ( G ), and plaque number ( H ). All three amyloid plaque measures were significantly lower in 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM mice than in 5xFAD-SHAM mice, whereas no significant differences were observed between 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice. N = 4 mice per group, Aβ plaque burden: F (2,9) = 15.94, P = 0.0011, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0023; 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.8555, one-way ANOVA test; Aβ plaque size: F (2,9) = 7.779, P = 0.0109, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0119; 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.9639,one-way ANOVA test; Aβ plaque number: F (2,9) = 6.247, P = 0.0199, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0367, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.8626, one-way ANOVA test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, * P <0.05,** P <0.01

    Article Snippet: The information of primary antibodies used was as follows: rabbit anti-IBA1 (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals, 019-19741, RRID: AB_839504, 1:500 for immunofluorescence(IF)), goat anti-IBA1 (Novus, NB100-1028, RRID: AB_3148646, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab7260, RRID: AB_305808, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rat anti-CD68 (BIO-RAD, MCA1957, RRID: AB_3100585, 1:500 for IF), rat anti-LAMP1 (DSHB, clone 1D4B, RRID: AB_2134500, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-PU.1 (CST, 2258 S, RRID: AB_2186909, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein, C-Terminal (Sigma-Aldrich, A8717, RRID: AB_258409, 1:1000 for WB), mouse anti-PSD-95 (NeuroMab, 75− 028, RRID: AB_2292909, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-Synaptophysin (Abclonal, A6344, RRID: AB_2766946, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti Bassoon (Abcam, ab82958, RRID: AB_1860018, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-β-Actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2687938, 1:10000 for WB), rabbit anti-β Tubulin (Proteintech, 10094-1-AP, RRID: AB_2210695, 1:5000 for WB), rabbit anti-α Tubulin (Abclonal, A6830, RRID: AB_2863541, 1:10000 for WB) and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2107436, 1:10000 for WB).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Two Tailed Test, Knock-Out, Staining

    Partial CTSS reduction lowers glial activation and lysosomal markers and prevents their exacerbation by OVX in 5xFAD mice. A Representative confocal image of X34 and LAMP1 staining X-34 and LAMP1 immunofluorescence in the brain of 5xFAD-SHAM, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM, and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice. Scale bar, 500μm. B Quantification of LAMP1⁺ area. N = 4 mice per group; F (2,9) =9.203, P = 0.0067, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0049, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P =0.5527, one-way ANOVA test. C Representative confocal images of IBA1 staining in the brains of the three groups; scale bar, 500μm. D Quantification of IBA1⁺ area. N = 4 mice per group; F (2,9) = 6.064, P = 0.0215, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P =0.0173, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.7603, one-way ANOVA test. E Representative confocal images of GFAP staining in the brains of the three groups. Scale bar, 500μm. F Quantification of GFAP+ area. N = 4 mice per group. F (2,9) =10.40, P = 0.0046, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P < 0.0085, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P =0.8950, one-way ANOVA test. G Representative western blots of GFAP in the brain lysates of the three groups. H Quantification ofGFAP protein levels, normalized to GAPDH and expressed as fold change relative to the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group; F(2,9) = 247.3, P < 0.0001, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P < 0.0001, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.6992, one-way ANOVA test. Ι Representative western blots of IBA1 in the brain lysates of the three groups. J Quantification of IBA1 protein levels, normalized to α-Tubulin and expressed as fold change relative to the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group;4F (2,9) = 4.929, P = 0.0358, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.321, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: P = 0.8986, one-way ANOVA test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Estrogen deprivation exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease pathology through neuronal CTSS signaling

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-026-03970-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Partial CTSS reduction lowers glial activation and lysosomal markers and prevents their exacerbation by OVX in 5xFAD mice. A Representative confocal image of X34 and LAMP1 staining X-34 and LAMP1 immunofluorescence in the brain of 5xFAD-SHAM, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM, and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice. Scale bar, 500μm. B Quantification of LAMP1⁺ area. N = 4 mice per group; F (2,9) =9.203, P = 0.0067, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0049, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P =0.5527, one-way ANOVA test. C Representative confocal images of IBA1 staining in the brains of the three groups; scale bar, 500μm. D Quantification of IBA1⁺ area. N = 4 mice per group; F (2,9) = 6.064, P = 0.0215, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P =0.0173, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.7603, one-way ANOVA test. E Representative confocal images of GFAP staining in the brains of the three groups. Scale bar, 500μm. F Quantification of GFAP+ area. N = 4 mice per group. F (2,9) =10.40, P = 0.0046, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P < 0.0085, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P =0.8950, one-way ANOVA test. G Representative western blots of GFAP in the brain lysates of the three groups. H Quantification ofGFAP protein levels, normalized to GAPDH and expressed as fold change relative to the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group; F(2,9) = 247.3, P < 0.0001, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P < 0.0001, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: Adj- P = 0.6992, one-way ANOVA test. Ι Representative western blots of IBA1 in the brain lysates of the three groups. J Quantification of IBA1 protein levels, normalized to α-Tubulin and expressed as fold change relative to the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group;4F (2,9) = 4.929, P = 0.0358, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.321, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX: P = 0.8986, one-way ANOVA test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * P <0.05, ** P <0.01, **** P <0.0001

    Article Snippet: The information of primary antibodies used was as follows: rabbit anti-IBA1 (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals, 019-19741, RRID: AB_839504, 1:500 for immunofluorescence(IF)), goat anti-IBA1 (Novus, NB100-1028, RRID: AB_3148646, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab7260, RRID: AB_305808, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rat anti-CD68 (BIO-RAD, MCA1957, RRID: AB_3100585, 1:500 for IF), rat anti-LAMP1 (DSHB, clone 1D4B, RRID: AB_2134500, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-PU.1 (CST, 2258 S, RRID: AB_2186909, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein, C-Terminal (Sigma-Aldrich, A8717, RRID: AB_258409, 1:1000 for WB), mouse anti-PSD-95 (NeuroMab, 75− 028, RRID: AB_2292909, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-Synaptophysin (Abclonal, A6344, RRID: AB_2766946, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti Bassoon (Abcam, ab82958, RRID: AB_1860018, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-β-Actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2687938, 1:10000 for WB), rabbit anti-β Tubulin (Proteintech, 10094-1-AP, RRID: AB_2210695, 1:5000 for WB), rabbit anti-α Tubulin (Abclonal, A6830, RRID: AB_2863541, 1:10000 for WB) and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2107436, 1:10000 for WB).

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot

    Genetic reduction of Ctss protects against OVX-induced synaptic decline in female 5xFAD mice. A Representative confocalimages of PSD95 and Bassoon immunostaining in the hippocampus of 5xFAD-SHAM, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM, and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice; co-localized puncta (circles) denote structural synapses. Scale bar, 5 μm. B Quantification of PSD95/Bassoon co-localizedpuncta, expressed as a percentage of the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group; F (2,9) = 13.69, P = 0.0019, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0015, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX, Adj- P = 0.5773, one-way ANOVA test. C Representative western blots of PSD95 and SYP in the brain lysates of the three groups. D-E Quantification of PSD95 (D) and SYP(E) protein levels, normalized to α-Tubulin and expressed as fold change relative to the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group; F(2,9) = 53.56, P < 0.0001, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0014, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX,Adj- P = 0.0005, one-way ANOVA test. Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

    Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Article Title: Estrogen deprivation exacerbates Alzheimer’s disease pathology through neuronal CTSS signaling

    doi: 10.1186/s12974-026-03970-5

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Genetic reduction of Ctss protects against OVX-induced synaptic decline in female 5xFAD mice. A Representative confocalimages of PSD95 and Bassoon immunostaining in the hippocampus of 5xFAD-SHAM, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM, and 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX mice; co-localized puncta (circles) denote structural synapses. Scale bar, 5 μm. B Quantification of PSD95/Bassoon co-localizedpuncta, expressed as a percentage of the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group; F (2,9) = 13.69, P = 0.0019, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0015, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX, Adj- P = 0.5773, one-way ANOVA test. C Representative western blots of PSD95 and SYP in the brain lysates of the three groups. D-E Quantification of PSD95 (D) and SYP(E) protein levels, normalized to α-Tubulin and expressed as fold change relative to the 5xFAD-SHAM group. N = 4 mice per group; F(2,9) = 53.56, P < 0.0001, 5xFAD-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM: Adj- P = 0.0014, 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-SHAM v.s 5xFAD; Ctss ⁺/⁻-OVX,Adj- P = 0.0005, one-way ANOVA test. Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

    Article Snippet: The information of primary antibodies used was as follows: rabbit anti-IBA1 (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals, 019-19741, RRID: AB_839504, 1:500 for immunofluorescence(IF)), goat anti-IBA1 (Novus, NB100-1028, RRID: AB_3148646, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab7260, RRID: AB_305808, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rat anti-CD68 (BIO-RAD, MCA1957, RRID: AB_3100585, 1:500 for IF), rat anti-LAMP1 (DSHB, clone 1D4B, RRID: AB_2134500, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-PU.1 (CST, 2258 S, RRID: AB_2186909, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-Amyloid Precursor Protein, C-Terminal (Sigma-Aldrich, A8717, RRID: AB_258409, 1:1000 for WB), mouse anti-PSD-95 (NeuroMab, 75− 028, RRID: AB_2292909, 1:500 for IF, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti-Synaptophysin (Abclonal, A6344, RRID: AB_2766946, 1:1000 for WB), rabbit anti Bassoon (Abcam, ab82958, RRID: AB_1860018, 1:500 for IF), rabbit anti-β-Actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2687938, 1:10000 for WB), rabbit anti-β Tubulin (Proteintech, 10094-1-AP, RRID: AB_2210695, 1:5000 for WB), rabbit anti-α Tubulin (Abclonal, A6830, RRID: AB_2863541, 1:10000 for WB) and mouse anti-GAPDH (Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig, RRID: AB_2107436, 1:10000 for WB).

    Techniques: Immunostaining, Western Blot

    Reagents and tools table

    Journal: EMBO Reports

    Article Title: Vimentin loss inhibits DNA damage responses and promotes cancer cell survival

    doi: 10.1038/s44319-026-00913-2

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Reagents and tools table

    Article Snippet: Rat monoclonal anti-a-Tubulin , Bio-Rad , MCA77G.

    Techniques: Cell-Signaling, Sequencing